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CRO Glossary

Segment Analysis

Breaking down experiment results by user subgroups (like device, geography, or new vs. returning) to see if effects vary.

Segment analysis takes an experiment's overall result and slices it by dimensions such as device type, traffic source, geography, browser, or new versus returning visitor status, to check whether the treatment effect is consistent across groups or concentrated in just one. It's a useful diagnostic step after a test concludes, helping teams understand not just whether something worked, but for whom and why.

The major risk with segment analysis is that testing many segments after the fact dramatically increases the odds of finding a spurious 'significant' result purely by chance — closely related to the multiple-comparisons issue behind false discovery rate. A result that only shows up in, say, Safari users on tablets in one region should be treated as a hypothesis to test again, not a proven finding, unless it was specified as a segment of interest before the test ran.

A well-known real-world pitfall connects here too: aggregate results can sometimes hide a reversal that only appears when segmented by a third variable, which is the basis of Simpson's paradox. For example, a redesign might show a flat overall conversion result, but segment analysis could reveal it significantly helped mobile users while significantly hurting desktop users — information that gets lost if you only look at the top-line number.

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